Kiln.



c. H. zwERMANN.

KILN..

f 311mb Carl H. Zwermann #NT v C. H. ZWERMANN.

\ Patented Aug.: 13, 191s 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

nit; fr f 1 Gar] H. Zwcrmann.

witneam c. H. zwERMANN) I' y 1 APPLlcArlon lLEn lunga. ma. f

Patented Aug. 13, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

f/fl, l r

UrulrtD.V STATES PATENT ermee.

`CARL H. ZWEBMANN, OF KALAMAZDO, MICHIGAN.

KILN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 13, 1918.

Application led .Tune 8, 191B. Serial lio. 239,086.

To all 'whom it may concern Be it known that I, CARL H. ZWERMANN, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city and county of Kalamazoo, State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements ir. Kilns, of which the following is a specification. i lhis'invention relates to improvements in kilns.

The main objects of this invention are:

First, to provide an improved kiln of large capacity. i v

Second, to rovide an improved kiln in which the prdheating and cooling is eiectively accomplished so that the stock-is not likely to be injured in the proce. f

Third, to provide an improved kiln in which-the 'heat from the cooling stock is uti lized .for the initial heating of the new stock.

Fourth, to provide-an improved 'kiln in which the products of combustion are confined .to restricted zones and at the same time the `heat units are effectively utilized. Further objects, and' objects relating to structural details, .will definitely appear from the detailed description te follow.

I accomplish the objects of my 'invention bythe devices and means described in the following specification. The inventionis clearly defined and pointed out Vin the claims. A structure which is a preferred embodiment of my invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawing,for1ning a part of this specification, in which:

Figure I and Fig. 1^ arelcomplementary det-ail vertical longitudinal sections 'through one of the kiln tunnels on a line correspond- `in ,to line 1-1 of Figs.' -I and II^.

ig. Il" andlFig. IIA are complementary detail horizontal sections through .my improved kiln on aline corresponding to line 242 of Figs. III `and IV.

Fig. III is a transverse section on a line corresponding to line 3-*3 .of Fig. I. Fig. IV isa transverse section on' a Vline corresponding to line 'l-ll of Fig. I.

Fig.

, V isa verticaltransverse section dn a line corres' ondin to line 5-5 ofFig. Il.

a line corresponding to line-GMS of Fig. V. -Fig. VII is an enlarged detail section through one of the heating iues on dhihe corresponding to line 7-7 of F ig; II'.

Fig.

Fig. Vl. 'is a detail longitudinal section onV VIII is a detail longitudinal-sec-l tion on a line corresponding Fig. 1I. l

V Fig. IX is a detail vertical section correspondin 'to that of Fig. jV showing a modiied orm of {ire-pot.'

Fig. X is a similar detail view showing a gas heatin means.

In ther rawing similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views, and the sectional views are taken lookingin the direction of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines.

3 isprovided with relatively thin radiating portions, the outer portions 5 of the radiating portion being .preferably of metal, the remaining .portion 6being thin but preferably of brick or the like.

Each tunnel is provided with tracks 7 for the trucks 8 on which the 'ware or stock to be treated is arranged. As the details of the `track and trucks form no art of my present invention they are not urther described herein. It will be understood that in practice it is my purpose to rovide a series of trucks which are gradua l advanced enerally by the z Adi from the char ing end of the k.' n', thetiming being regu ated according to the nature jof the stock, the results desired and other conditionsV which will be understood by those skilled in the art to which this inventin relates. l

The heating means illustrated in the preferredembodiment consist-of aseries of furnaces 9designed for the use of fuel, such as coal, and are located centrally ofthe Vtunnels at their outer sides and below the truck levels thereof. The hot gases are discharged into the tunnels through the baie walls 10 which have a series of holes therethrough, the tops of the walls being spaced from the tops of the tunnels, the pur ose being to dis tribute the heat eifectivey throughout a f central hot zone.

In the inner walll opposite 'the heatingl means- I provide an outlet Bue 11, the same being provided with baliles 18 terminatingf above the bottom of the flue so that the hot being disposed horizontally' and provided with a series of inlet openings 12 at the bottoms at the truck bed levels of the tunnel chambers. Both tunnels-open into this flue, a ba'lile plate 13 being provided to prevent currents setting up from one tunnel These heating lues are of substantial width' and are disposed oppositely over the tunnels, that is, they are disposed in advance of the heatin means so that apreheating zone is provi ed in rorl. of the heating means. The outer down draft portions 16 of these heating ues are" provided with vertical batlles or distributing plates 17 dividing the portion 16 of the flue into compartments or chambers, such compartments or chambers gases are distributed quite uniformly through the iue.

Valves 19 control the ports 20 connecting the lues V.16 with 'the discharge fiues 21 leading tothe chimneys 22. 4To cause an elective circulation of air in this preheating z'one I provide a series of vertical circulatin'glflues 2 3,V the inner Walls 24 ofthe heating ilues constituting walls orthese circu- ,lating' fines so that the heat is effectivelytransmitted through the circulating fines and an eilective circulation set up as indicated bythe arrows in Fig. IV.

A. series of circulating fines 25 are disposed on opposite sides 'ofthe radiating walls 5 and 6, the walls forming the inner walls of these fines. These lues are open atthe top and bottom as indicated in` Fig. III .so that the air is caused to circulate through the fines and through the tunnel chambers as indicated by dotted .lines in Fig. III, that in thencooling or discharge end of the tunnel circulating downwardly through the fines and-,that in the charging end circulating upiv'i-rdly through the ilues, that is, 'in the charging end' the' air is heated in thelues so that it circulates Vdown through the fresh stock. thereby,p1ovidi'ng heat for 'the vwater smoking step andthe air in the cooling or discharging end of the adjacent tunnel is cooled by contact with the radiate ing wall so tliat it circulates upwardlyv through the ware, thus utilizing the 4heat from the cooling zone of'one tunnel to initially heat the ware in the water smoking zone ofthe other tunnel.`

The water smoking Zonev in the tunnel is `rovided'with vents 26.

liv this arrangement the stock is gradually-heatedand thiszwithout bringing the products ot combustion into contact with the and at the Sametime an effective circulation is maintainedin the tunnels without employment of clr'culatmg means'such as fans or the like.

To provide preheated air foi-.the furnaces and in a measure cool the trucks in the heating-zone I arrange acold air flue 27 longitudinally between the track rails with connections 28 to each fre-pot, the ends of the flue being connected at 29 to the outer air.

In the modified construction shown in Fig. IX an air inlet-30 is provided above the fire,- the means for preheating being omitted.

In the modification shown in Fig. X the hot gases are introducedv into a chamber 31, the burners not being illustrated.

My improved -kiln is 'of large capacity :andfeconomical in use. A. relatively large proportion of the heat units are utilized while the stock is gradually heated 'sind gradually cooled so that .loss through cracking or injury which sometimes results from undue, uneven or too rapidheatng or cooling is prevented.

The circulation is effectively maintained throughout various zones of the tunnels so that the stock on different parts of the trucks is evenly heated; l

-I have illustrated and described vmy improvements in :1n-embodiment which I con Sider to .be hi hly desirable.- I have not attempted to ilustrateor describe certain other modifications oradaptations which Iv contemplate, as I believe the disclosure made will enable those skilled in the art to which my invention relates to embody or adapt the' same as particular installations or uses may render desirable.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and. desire to secure by Letters Patent, ia:I

1. The combination of a pair oftunnel kilns disposed in reverse' relation with the charging end of one at the discharge end of the other and having a. common inner` Wall withfrelatively .thin radiating portions toward each end, heating means, upright foraminated baille walls through which the heating means, deliver disposed centrally at the outer sides of the tunnels, the tops 'of the baille walls being spaced from the tops of the tunnels, a central longitudinal outlet fine in said inner wall opposite said balf walls and communicating with both tunnel chambers through a series of outlet openings at the bottoms thereof, h eatingfluesleading from the Iends of said central outlet flue over the tops of said tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer sides thereof, said heatingflues being disposed. oppostely toward the charging ends of the tunnels and being of substantial width :1 nd constituting a heating means for a preheating zone in-each i iso' heating lues being r at the bottoms l incassa tunnel chamber in advance of itssaid heat ing means, discharge fines to which said heating flues deliver, vertical circulating flues for such preheating zones open their tops and bottoms,-and disposed at the outer sides of the tunnels, the walls of said heat-- ing fines constituting walls for said circula t ing fines, and vertical circulating iues open at their tops and bottoms disposed onopposite sides of said radiating walls, said radiating walls constituting the inner walls of such lues whereby circulation created, in the charging 4and discharging ends elE both tunnels.

2. The combination oi a `pair of turmel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharge end of the other and having a cominci-i inner wall with relatively thin radiating portie toward each end, heatin means, nprighl foraminated balile walls through which the heating means deliver disposed centrally at the outer sides of the tunnels, the tops oi." the' baille walls being spaced from the tops oi" the tunnels, a central longitudfinal4 outlet flue in said inner wall opposite said barlile Walls and communicating with both tunnei chambers through a series o i: outlet openings thereof, heating fines lead-y ing fromthe ends of said central outlet flue over thetops of said tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer sides thereof, said disposed oppositely toward the charging ends of the tunnels and being of substantial width and constituting a,r heating means for a preheating zone in each tunnel chamber in advance of its said heating means, discharge fines to which said heating fines deliver, vertical circulating ilues for Such preheatino zones open at their topsA and bottoms and (sposed at the outer sides of the tunnels, the walls of heating lues constituting Walls for said circulat ingflues, vertical circulating rines open at their tops andfbottoms disposed on opposite sides of said radiating walls, said radiating walls constituting the inner walls of such lines Whereb; circulation is created in the chargingjand discharging ends of both tun lso bottoms of nelsand longitudinal cold air {iues in the the tunnels in theV heating means having discharge connections with said heating means and inlet connec tions with the outer air. l

. 3. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharge end 'of "the other and having a common inner; wallwith relatively thin radiating portions toward each eud,"heating means, upright foraminated baie walls through which the disposed centrally at the outer sides of the tunnels, the tops of the biaiilerwalls being spaced fronrthe tops of the tunnels, a central llongitudinal outlet Atops wardlyvat the outer sidesthereof, said heat zones oi' said 4tunnel fine in said inner wall opposite said baille walls and communioatin with both tunnel chambers through a series of outlet openings at the bottoms thereofheating lues leading :from the ends of said central outlet hue over the tops of said tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer sides thereof, seid heating Iiues being disposed oppositely toward the chargin ends of the tunnels and being of substantie width and constituting a heating means for a preheating zone in each tunnel chamber in advance of its said heating means, discharge fines to which said heating fines deliver, vertical circulating fines for such preheating zones open at their tops and bottoms and disposed .at the outer sides of the tunnels, the walls of said heatf ing iiuee constituting wallsfor said circulating tops and bottoms disposed on opposite sides of said radiating walls, said radlatin Walls constituting the inner walls of suc fines whereby circulation is created in the charging and discharging end of both tunnels, discharge vents for, the j'chargin ends oi said tunnels, andlon 'tudinal co d air fines in the bottoms of Y e tunnelsl in the of said `heating means having discharge connections with said heating means` wall, heating means, uprightA foraminated baille walls through which the heating means deliver disposed centrally at the outer sides otthe tunnels, the topsv of the baille walls being spaced from the tops of the tunnels, a central longitudinal outlet lue in said inner wall opposite said baille` walls and connnunicatmg with both, tun-nel chambers through a lseries of outlet openings at the bottoms thereof, heating lines` leading from the ends of said central outlet Hue over the of said tunnel `chambers and downing lue's being disposedvoppositely toward the charging ends of :the tunnels andbeing of substantial width and constituting a heating means for 4a preheating zone in'.

in' means, said heating flues having a 'seri oiidistributm baiies therein, dischar e ues to whi vh sald 1eating"flue s"deliver,an vertical circulating fines frmlich preheating' zones open at their 4tops and bottoms and i' disposed at the outer sides ofy the tunnels, the

walls of said heating iiues cdnstituting walls for said circulating' iiues.A

5. The combination of kilns disposed @in reverse relatidnfwitfhftlcf charging Vend of one at thcdischrg of the .other and having a coriifiiicd innen wall, 4heating Alnems, Lupright/,Ly rininated baille Walls through which theTlietlg-,I'eans chamber in advance of its 'said A pair of tunneldeliver disposed centrally at the outer sides of the tunnels the tops of the baille walls being spaced from the tops of the tunnels, a central longitudinal outletlue in said' inner wall opposite said ballie walls and colmnunicating with both tunnel chambers through a series of outlet op'enin bottoms thereofkhcating iiues leading from the ends of said central outlet due over the tops of said 'tunnel chambers and doWnwardly at the outer sides thereof, said heating fiues being disposed Oppositely toward the charging ends of the tunnels and being of substantial widthand constituting a heat-' ing means for a preheating zone in each tunnel chamber in advance of its said heatin means, and discharge flues to which sai heating luls deliver.

6. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end bf the other and having a common inner wall ivith relatively thin radiating portions toward each end, heatin means delivering centrally at the outer si es of the tunnels, a central outlet ue for said tunnel chambers ,communicating therewith through a series of outlet openings at the bottoms thereof, heatl ing-hues leading from said central outlet fluepver the tops of said tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer sides thereof, said heating iues beingdlsposed oppositely toward the charging' ends of the tunnels and constituting a heating means for a preheat in'g zone in each tunnel chamber in advance of its said heating means, vertical circulating flues for such preheating zones open at their tops and bottomsand disposed at the outer sides of the tunnels,I the walls of' said .heating 'fl'ues constituting walls for said circulating luese vertical circulating fines open at their tops andbottoms disposed on 93.90' site sides otsaid radiatmglwalls, sald 'f lating walls constituting t e inner walls of such ilues whereby circulation is creafd inv the chargin and discharging ends ofrgboth tunnels, an discharge vents for the charg- .ends 'ofsaid tunnels. p

The combinatigon- Qfga pair of tunnel isposedjiri' renverse 'relation with the g -y endet one :inthe/'discharging end 4oftheluther andhaving a common inner wall with relatively thin radiating portions to- Iwardy each |end,"v'he'ating J'ncans delivering centrally .at the outer sides of -the/tunnels, a central outlet lluefoi' said tunnel cham-- bers communicating therewith through a series of outlet openings at the bottoms thereof, heating fines eading from said centraloutlet flue over the tops of said tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer sides 't .hereo, said heating dues being disposed op'positel y toward the charging ends of the tunnels. and constituting a heating means -for a preheating zone ,in each tunnel at the,

nefasta chamber in advance of its said heating means, vertical circulating lues open at their tops and bottoms dis .osed on opposite sides of said radiating weils, said radiatin Y walls constituting the inner walls of suoi flues 'iv'limjrl'ly circulation is created in `the chargrw E ijig anddischarging ends of both tunnels, and discharge vents for the charging ends of said-tunnels. I

8. The combination of 'a pair oftunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharge end of the other with relatively thin radiating portions towardeach end, heating means delivering centrally to thc outer sides 0f the tunnels, heating iiucs constituting conduits for the products of combustionl leading from the inner sides of the tunnels opposite the heating means over the tops of the tunnel chambbers and "downwardly at the .outer sides thereof, said heating fines being disposed oppositely toward the charging ends of the tunnels and constituting a heating means for a preheating zone in each tunnel chamber in advance of its said heating means, vertical circulating filles disposed at the outer sides of the tunnels, the walls of said heating flues 'constituting the walls for said circulating dues,- vertical circulating fines open at their tops and bottoms disposed so that saidradiating walls are common thereto whereby circulation is created in the charging and discharging ends of both tunnels, and discharge vents for the charging ends of the tunnels. n

' 9. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the chargingvcnd of one at the discharge end of the other with relatively thin radiating portions towarcl each end, heating means delivering centrally to the outer sides of the t tunnels, heating ilues constituting conduits for the products of combustion leadin Afrom the inner sides of thetunnels opposlte the heating means over the tops of the tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer sides thereof, said heating fines being disposed oppositely toward the charging ends of the tunnels and constituting a heatmg meansfor afreheating zone in each tunnel chamber in a Vance of its said heating means, vertical y circulating ,fines open at their tops and bottoms disposed so that said ,radiating Iwalls are commonv lthereto wherebyffcireulation is created inthe charging and discharging ends of botlt. tunnels, and discharge-*vents for the chagging ends of the tunnels.

The combination of a'pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other, heating means delivering oentrally at the outer sides of the tunnels, a central outlet flue for said tunnel chambers comyiunicating therewith through a Series ofoutlet openings at the bottoms thereof,

Lamezia heating flues leading from said centraloutlet liue over the tops of said tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer sides thereof, said heating fines being disposed oppositely toward the charging ends of the tunnels and'constituting a heating means for a vance of its said heating means, and vertical circulating fines for such preheatin zones open at their tops and bottoms an disposed at the outer sides of the tunnels,.

the walls of said heating ues constituting walls for said circulating flues.l

11. The combination of a ypair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end of the other, heating means delivering centrally at the outer sides of the tunnels, a centraloutlet Hue for said tunnel chambers communicating therewith through a series of outlet openings at the bottons thereof, heating ilues leading from said central outlet Hue over the tops of said tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer sides thereof, said heating fines being disposed oppositely toward the charging ends of the tunnels and constituting a heating means for a preheating zone in each tunnel chamber in advance of its said heating means.

12. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation withthe charging end of one at the discharge end of the other, heatin trally to the outer si es of the tunnels, heating iiues constitutin conduits for the products of combustion eading from the inner sides of the tunnels opposite the heating" `means over the tops of the tunnel chambers and downwardly at the outer s idesthere-A of, said heating ues being disposedr oppositely toward the charging ends of the tunnels and constituting a heating means Vfor a reheatingzone in each tunnel chamber lin a Vance of its said .heating means, and verti-l cal circulating flues disposed at the outer `sides of the tunnels, the walls of said heat' 4in fines constituting the walls for said circu atin fines.

V13. -he combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharge end of the other, heating means delivering centrally to the outer sides 'of the tunnels, and heating,` ilues constituting conduits for the products of combustion leading 'from the inner sides a ireheating zone in each tunnel chamber in E means delivering cen- RGSSBS.

of the tunnels o poetethe heating means over the tops o .the tunnel rcham ere and downwardly at the outer sidesthereof; said- .Jieatin "vflues being disposed oppoeitel tbw'a 'the charging ends of theltunnels an constituting a heating lmeans for a preheat- `in'gzone in each tunnel chamber in advance of its said heating means.

14. The combination of a pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charging end of one at the discharging end' of the other and'having a common inner wall `with relativel thin radiating portions toward each end, t e outer ortions of such radiating ortions ein o metal, heating means delivering central to said tunnels, and vertical circulatingliiiles open at their .topsandy bottoms disposed on opposite sides .of said walls, said radiatin walls constitutin the inner walls of suc dues whereby a coo 'ng circulation is created in the dis.-

charge end of the tunnel and a heating cir-1 culation in the lchargingend thereof. 15. The combination of a pair of tunnel" kilns disposed in reversejrelation with the hcharging end of one at the discharging end ofthe other and having a common inner wall with relatively i thin radiating ortions toward each'endheating means de ivering centrally to said tunnels, and vertical circulating iiues open at their tops and bottoms disposed on o posite sides of said walls, s aid radiatin wa ls constituting the inner walls of such ues whereby a cooling circulation is created inthe discharge end ofthe tunnel and a heating circulation in the charging end thereof. 4 16. The combination o fa pair of tunnel kilns disposed in reverse relation with the charlg'iJ-xg end of one at the disehargingend oft e other and` having a common inner wall, heating means delivering centrally to\ said tunnels, and vertical circulating lines open at their tops and bottoms disposed on opposite sides of said common wall whereby a cooling circulation is, created inthedischarge end of the tunnel and. a heating circulation in Vthe charging end thereof.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal inthe presence of two wit- CARL H. ZWERMANN. [1.. s] l Witnesses:

f LnnLLA GaEnNrmLn,

neon B. THOMPSON. 

